42 research outputs found

    Simplified Power Allocation and TX/RX Structure for MIMO-DSL

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    In the newest generation of DSL systems crosstalk is the dominant source of performance degradation. Many crosstalk cancellation schemes have been proposed. These schemes typically employ some form of co-ordination between modems and lead to large performance gains. The use of crosstalk cancellation means that power allocation should be viewed as a multi-user problem. In this paper we investigate optimal (ie. capacity maximizing) power allocation in DSL systems which employ co-ordination to facilitate crosstalk cancellation. By exploiting certain properties of the DSL channel it is shown that power allocation can be simplified considerably. The result has each user waterfilling against the background noise only, explicitly ignoring the interference from other users. We show this to be near-optimal for upstream DSL when Central Office (CO) modems are co-ordinated. Compared with conventional waterfilling which is done against the background noise and interference, the performance gains are significant

    Improved Linear Crosstalk Precompensation for DSL

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    Crosstalk is the major source of performance degradation in next generation DSL systems such as VDSL. In downstream communications transmitting modems are co- located at the central office. This allows crosstalk precompensation to be employed. In crosstalk precompensation the transmitted signal is pre-distorted such that the pre-distortion destructively interferes with the crosstalk introduced by the channel. Existing crosstalk precompensation techniques either give poor performance or require modification of customer premises equipment (CPE). This is impractical since there are millions of legacy CPE modems already in use. We present a novel crosstalk precompensation technique based on a diagonalization of the crosstalk channel matrix. This technique does not require modification of CPE. Furthermore, certain properties of the DSL channel ensure that this diagonalizing precompensator achieves near-optimal performance

    The Linear Zero-Forcing Crosstalk Canceller is Near-optimal in DSL Channels

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    The design and optimization of orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) systems typically take the following form: The design objective is usually to maximize the total sum rate which is the sum of individual rates in each frequency tone. The design constraints are usually linear constraints imposed across all tones. This paper explains why dual methods are ideally suited for this class of problems. The main result is the following: Regardless of whether the objective or the constraints are convex, the duality gap for this class of problems is always zero in the limit as the number of frequency tones goes to infinity. As the dual problem typically decouples into many smaller per-tone problems, solving the dual is much more efficient. This gives an efficient method to find the global optimum of non-convex optimization problems for the OFDM system. Multiuser optimal power allocation, optimal frequency planning, and optimal low-complexity crosstalk cancellation for vectored DSL are used to illustrate this point

    A Near-Optimal Linear Crosstalk Canceler for VDSL

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    Crosstalk is the major source of performance degradation in VDSL. Several crosstalk cancelers have been proposed to address this. Unfortunately they suffer from error propagation, high complexity and long latency. In this paper we present a simple, linear zero forcing (ZF) crosstalk canceler. This design has a low complexity, no latency and does not suffer from error propagation. Furthermore, due to the well conditioned structure of the VDSL channel matrix, the ZF design causes negligible noise enhancement. A lower bound on the performance of the linear ZF canceler is derived. This allows performance to be predicted without explicit knowledge of the crosstalk channels, which simplies service provisioning considerably. This bound shows that the linear ZF canceler operates close to the single user bound. So the linear ZF canceler is a low complexity, low latency design with predictable, near-optimal performance. The combination of spectral optimization and crosstalk cancellation is also considered. Spectra optimization in a multi-access channel generally involves a highly complex optimization problem. Since the linear ZF canceler decouples transmission on each line, the spectrum on each modem can be optimized independently, leading to a signicant reduction in complexity.

    A Near-Optimal Linear Crosstalk Precoder for VDSL

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    Crosstalk is the major source of performance degradation in VDSL. In downstream transmission crosstalk precoding can be applied. The transmitted signal is predistorted, such that the predistortion annihilates with the crosstalk introduced in the binder. Several crosstalk precoders have been proposed. Unfortunately they either give poor performance or require non-linear operations, which results in a high complexity. In this paper we present a simple, linear diagonalizing crosstalk precoder with low run-time complexity. A lower bound on the performance of the DP is derived. This allows performance to be predicted without explicit knowledge of the crosstalk channels, which simplies service provisioning considerably. This bound shows that the DP operates close to the single-user bound. So the DP is a low complexity design with predictable, near-optimal performance. The combination of spectra optimization and crosstalk precoding is also considered. Spectra optimization in a broadcast channel generally involves a highly complex optimization problem. Since the DP decouples transmission on each line, the spectrum on each modem can be optimized through a dual decomposition, leading to a significant reduction in complexity

    A near-optimal linear crosstalk precoder for downstream VDSL

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    This paper presents a linear crosstalk precoder for VDSL that has a low run-time complexity. A lower bound on the data-rate of the precoder is developed and guarantees that the precoder achieves near-optimal performance in 99% of VDSL channels

    A Near-Optimal Linear Crosstalk Canceler for Upstream VDSL

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    Crosstalk is the major source of performance degradation in VDSL. Several crosstalk cancelers have been proposed to address this. Unfortunately, they suffer from error propagation, high complexity, and long latency. This paper presents a simple, linear zero-forcing (ZF) crosstalk canceler. This design has a low complexity and no latency and does not suffer from error propagation. Furthermore, due to the well-conditioned structure of the VDSL channel matrix, the ZF design causes negligible noise enhancement. A lower bound on the performance of the linear ZF canceler is derived. This allows performance to be predicted without explicit knowledge of the crosstalk channels, which simplifies service provisioning considerably. This bound shows that the linear ZF canceler operates close to the single-user bound. Therefore, the linear ZF canceler is a low-complexity, low-latency design with predictable near-optimal performance. The combination of spectral optimization and crosstalk cancellation is also considered. Spectra optimization in a multiaccess channel generally involves a complex optimization problem. Since the linear ZF canceler decouples transmission on each line, the spectrum on each modem can be optimized independently, leading to a significant reduction in complexity

    Partial Crosstalk Precompensation in Downstream VDSL

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    Very high bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) is the latest generation in the ongoing evolution of DSL standards. VDSL aims at bringing truly broadband access, greater than 52 Mbps in the downstream, to the mass consumer market. This is achieved by transmitting in frequencies up to 12 MHz. Operating at such high frequencies gives rise to crosstalk between the DSL systems in a binder, limiting achievable data-rates. Crosstalk is typically 10-15 dB larger than other noise sources and is the primary limitation on performance in VDSL. In downstream transmission several crosstalk precompensation schemes have been proposed to address this issue. Whilst these schemes lead to large performance gains, they also have extremely high complexities, beyond the scope of current implementation. In this paper we develop the concept of partial crosstalk precompensation. The majority of the crosstalk experienced in a DSL system comes from only a few other lines within the binder. Furthermore its effects are limited to a small subset of tones. Partial precompensation exploits this by limiting precompensation to the tones and lines where it gives maximum benefit. As a result, these schemes achieve the majority of the gains of full crosstalk precompensation at a fraction of the run-time complexity. In this paper we develop several partial precompensation schemes. We show that with only 20% of the run-time complexity of full precompensation it is possible to achieve 80% of the performance gains

    An interactive training programme to treat body image disturbance

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    Objectives: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening mental health condition. A core feature is a disturbance of body image, such that sufferers see themselves as fatter than they actually are. Design: We tested the effectiveness of a novel training program to recalibrate our participants’ perception of body size. Methods: In a novel adaptation of a cognitive bias training program, participants judged the body size of a series of female bodies and were given feedback to improve their accuracy over 4 daily training sessions. In Study 1, we recruited young women with high concerns about their body size for a randomised controlled study. In Study 2, we then applied the training program to a case series of women with atypical AN. Results: In Study 1, the training program significantly improved the body size judgements of women with high body concerns compared to controls. We also found evidence of improved body image and reduced eating concerns in this group. In Study 2, the program again recalibrated the body size judgements of women with atypical AN. We also saw evidence of a clinically meaningful reduction in their body size and eating disordered concerns. Conclusions: This training has the potential to be a valuable treatment used together with more traditional talking therapies
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